Soc 100 Exam 2 Part e
Soc 100 Exam 2 Part e
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In his study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, William Chambliss concluded that a key factor in the varying treatment by the criminal justice system of the two groups was their differing:
education. | ||
political views. | ||
ages. | ||
social class positions. |
Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses illegal drugs. Some would suggest he has committed various
index crimes | ||
white collar crimes | ||
sexual crimes | ||
victimless crimes |
Differential justice refers to
The different treatment of criminals according to age category | ||
The advantage minorities have in the criminal justice system | ||
all of the above | ||
The way social control is exercised over different groups |
Question 16
According to Durkheim, organic solidarity describes
simple societies with a minimal division of labor | ||
complex societies characterized by mutual interdependence | ||
both of the above | ||
neither of the above |
Which of the following characteristics of bureaucracy refers to the power structure in organizations or institutions?
hierarchy of authority | ||
employment based on technical qualifications | ||
written rules and regulations | ||
division of labor |
A measure of social class that is based on income, education, occupation, and related variables is referred to as
status | ||
class | ||
socioeconomic status | ||
prestige |
The super-rich in the United States were able to accumulate vast amounts of wealth partly because globalization enabled them to:
produce their products in one place | ||
make investments locally | ||
exploit low-wage labor in other countries | ||
sell products to consumers in the United States |
Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society?
stratification | ||
status | ||
social structure | ||
socialization |
Which of the following describes a caste stratification system?
Closed system based on hereditary religious rank that remains fixed and immobile | ||
Closed system where some people are owned by others | ||
Open system where social rank depends primarily on economic position | ||
Closed system where most people are peasants or nobles (royalty) |
What is absolute poverty?
The lack of basic necessities, such as food, shelter, clothing, and medical care. | ||
Having to draw welfare and food stamps, in addition to working for minimum wage. | ||
Living paycheck to paycheck in a society where there is an abundance of resources. | ||
Being able to pay the bills but not having enough to afford the luxuries of life. |
Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as
status positions | ||
master status | ||
social roles | ||
markers of inequality |
Conflict between in-groups and out-groups can lead to violence.
True
False
Which of the following would be an example of why a person would want to be part of a secondary group?
to accomplish a specific goal, such as graduating from college | ||
to have a sense of closeness and camaraderie | ||
to associate with people who care about the person and his or her future | ||
to form close bonds and ties with everyone in the group |
Postindustrial societies are primarily concerned with
the processing and control of information. | ||
providing services rather than manufacturing goods. | ||
both answers are true | ||
neither answer is true |
In the six-class model sociologists commonly use to describe the U.S. class system, which social class contains the smallest portion of the population?
working class | ||
upper class | ||
underclass | ||
middle class |
Which theory emphasizes that deviant behavior is learned through social interactions with other deviants?
control theory | ||
cultural transmission | ||
labeling theory | ||
functionalist theory |
What racial group is the most overrepresented in the U.S. prison system?
Asians | ||
Whites | ||
Latinos | ||
Blacks |
George Ritzer’s term “the irrationality of rationality” refers to
negative outcomes of McDonaldization for humans and the planet | ||
The process of McDonaldization spreading across the world | ||
McDonaldization causing mental illness in some individuals | ||
positive outcomes of McDonaldization for humans and the planet |
An acheived social status is
A status that is assigned to an individual regardless of their unique talents or characteristics. | ||
A status that dominates how people interact with an individual in a particular setting. | ||
A status that is within our power to change. | ||
A status that applies to only one social situation. |
Which theory argues that community breakdown causes increased crime?
cultural transmission | ||
labeling theory | ||
control theory | ||
social disorganization theory |