Soc 100 Exam 2 Part e

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In his study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, William Chambliss concluded that a key factor in the varying treatment by the criminal justice system of the two groups was their differing:

		education.
		political views.
		ages.
		social class positions.

Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses illegal drugs. Some would suggest he has committed various

		index crimes
		white collar crimes
		sexual crimes
		victimless crimes

Differential justice refers to

		The different treatment of criminals according to age category
		The advantage minorities have in the criminal justice system
		all of the above
		The way social control is exercised over different groups

Question 16

According to Durkheim, organic solidarity describes

		simple societies with a minimal division of labor
		complex societies characterized by mutual interdependence
		both of the above
		neither of the above

Which of the following characteristics of bureaucracy refers to the power structure in organizations or institutions?

		hierarchy of authority
		employment based on technical qualifications
		written rules and regulations
		division of labor

A measure of social class that is based on income, education, occupation, and related variables is referred to as

		status
		class
		socioeconomic status
		prestige

The super-rich in the United States were able to accumulate vast amounts of wealth partly because globalization enabled them to:

		produce their products in one place
		make investments locally
		exploit low-wage labor in other countries
		sell products to consumers in the United States

Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society?

		stratification
		status
		social structure
		socialization

Which of the following describes a caste stratification system?

		Closed system based on hereditary religious rank that remains fixed and immobile
		Closed system where some people are owned by others
		Open system where social rank depends primarily on economic position
		Closed system where most people are peasants or nobles (royalty)

What is absolute poverty?

		The lack of basic necessities, such as food, shelter, clothing, and medical care.
		Having to draw welfare and food stamps, in addition to working for minimum wage.
		Living paycheck to paycheck in a society where there is an abundance of resources.
		Being able to pay the bills but not having enough to afford the luxuries of life.

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as

		status positions
		master status
		social roles
		markers of inequality

Conflict between in-groups and out-groups can lead to violence.

True

False

Which of the following would be an example of why a person would want to be part of a secondary group?

		to accomplish a specific goal, such as graduating from college
		to have a sense of closeness and camaraderie
		to associate with people who care about the person and his or her future
		to form close bonds and ties with everyone in the group

Postindustrial societies are primarily concerned with

		the processing and control of information.
		providing services rather than manufacturing goods.
		both answers are true
		neither answer is true

In the six-class model sociologists commonly use to describe the U.S. class system, which social class contains the smallest portion of the population?

		working class
		upper class
		underclass
		middle class

Which theory emphasizes that deviant behavior is learned through social interactions with other deviants?

		control theory
		cultural transmission
		labeling theory
		functionalist theory

What racial group is the most overrepresented in the U.S. prison system?

		Asians
		Whites
		Latinos
		Blacks

George Ritzer’s term “the irrationality of rationality” refers to

		negative outcomes of McDonaldization for humans and the planet
		The process of McDonaldization spreading across the world
		McDonaldization causing mental illness in some individuals
		positive outcomes of McDonaldization for humans and the planet

An acheived social status is

		A status that is assigned to an individual regardless of their unique talents or characteristics.
		A status that dominates how people interact with an individual in a particular setting.
		A status that is within our power to change.
		A status that applies to only one social situation.