Liquid density and specific gravity using pycnometer
Lab 2:
Fluid properties
PART I
Objective:
Measuring the density of various liquids by using hydrometer.
Location:
UDC engineering department. 2nd floor laboratory.
Method:
Method is as follows that the temperature and specific gravity of liquid is measured and from that density is calculated.
Equipment:
- Different liquids
- Hydrometer
Procedure:
- Fill the hydrometer with a water, and carefully check that it is clear of the walls.
- Record the temperature of the liquid using thermometer.
- Replace the water with liquid to be tested.
- Float the hydrometer in each liquid than take the reading.
Results:
| liquid | Temperature oC | Specific gravity g/cm3 |
| Water | 22 | 1 |
| Pure vegetable | 23 | 0.91 |
| Olive oil | 23 | 0.92 |
Plot:
Conclusion:
The hydrometer gives the specific gravity of liquids more whose temperatures were low.
PART II
Liquid density and specific gravity using pycnometer
Objective:
Use of pycnometer for the measurement of specific gravity and density.
Method:
By measuring the change in weight of a density bottle filled with the liquid to be tested than finding the density by the known volume and change in weight.
Location:
UDC engineering department. 2nd floor laboratory
Equipment:
- Lever operated balance
- Liquids for testing
- F1-30 fluid properties apparatus
- 50 ml gay Lussac Pycnometer
- Electronic balance
Procedure:
- set up and level the lever balance on a solid surface.
- The lever balance supplied with F1-30 is sufficient to demonstrate how to change weight can be used to find the liquid density.
- Ensure the pycnometer is dry enough, complete with its stopper and record its weight.
- Fill the pycnometer with the liquid to be tested, let any bubble to enter it than insert the stopper fully.
- Wipe it from outside properly.
Results:
| water | Vegetable oil | Olive oil | |
| Dry weight of pycnometer | Mp= 18.62 | Mp= 18.62 | Mp= 18.62 |
| Filled weight of pycnometer | Mp+L = 68.98 | Mp+L = 65 | Mp+L = 64.82 |
| Weight increase due to liquid | ML = Mp+L – Mp = 50.36 | ML = Mp+L – Mp= 46.38 | ML = Mp+L – Mp = 46.20 |
| Volume of pycnometer | 50ml | 50ml | 50ml |
Calculations:
For water:
1.0072
For vegetable oil:
0.9276
Olive oil:
0.924
Conclusion:
Using pycnometer the density of each liquid calculated. Bynsity is calculated. keeping the volume of the liquid constant its de
